深度｜智能配电系统与多微网之间如何协同运控？

3)博弈方法。

在制定微网弹性自律运行空间计划和配网操控计划时,需要客观体现共赢空间共享权利合理分配关系。博弈论是解决此问题的一种相对比较可行的方法,可以考虑加以应用,但需注意避免出现强势博弈方利用优势挤占其他博弈方合理利益空间的现象。

5 算例仿真

本文所建算例基于标准IEEE  33节点,在其中15、21和25三个节点添加了包含负荷、分布式电源和储能的微电网,如图5所示。表2给出了并网的各微网基本属性和额定最大有功出力。其中,PV代表光伏,WT代表风机,DES代表储能,L代表负荷。

图5 IEEE配网33节点改造模型

表2 各微网基本数据

按照前文所述的自律性运行空间制定方法,智能配电管理系统为各微网制定了如图6所示的自律性运行空间。在图6所示的仿真结果中,蓝色曲线表示在无约束情况下,各微网实测有功出力,绿色带表示自治运行区,黄色带表示博弈运行区,红色表示限制运行区。可以看出,微网I在12:00—16:00时间段的运行会影响其他微网的运行权限,甚至在13:00—14:00时段超出限制运行区时会对整个配网运行带来冲击。微网II在0:00—3:00时间段内也存在超出自治运行区的情况。微网III的能量管理系统较好的实现了源荷储的协调运行,因此可以完全自治运行。按照配电管理系统下发的自律性空间计划,各微网要进行积极响应,否则将直接影响自身的经济利益。图7给出了微网I和II根据自律性运行空间计划调整后的日有功出力曲线。

图6 配电管理系统为各微网指定的自律性运行空间

图7 微网日有功出力曲线

6 结语

智能配电系统是未来配电系统的发展方向,多微网的高渗透率是今后智能配电系统必须面对的客观场景。处理好配电管理者、用户和电力零售商之间的关系,是智能配电系统应具备的重要功能。

本文提出了一种协同自律运控模式,阐述了其内涵,设计了具有规范性属性的协同策略和具有引导性属性的弹性自律空间的决策流程,展望了在构建智能配电系统过程中需要研究的基础理论和关键技术问题。

协同自律运控模式的构建,赋予配电子站和微网能量管理系统更多的权限,为DG/DR的运行营造了良好的空间,一定程度上解放了配网管理者的管理负担。同时又对DG/DR完全自治属性加以引导和规范,降低配网运行的风险。该模式将更有助于加强多微电网与配电网之间的协同性,从而提高微电网吸纳可再生清洁DG/DR的积极性,以及配电网接纳微电网的主动性,顺应了配电网主动性技术的发展趋势。

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