深度文章｜省级电力现货市场中衔接日前出清环节的多日机组组合策略

运用第2节提出的多日机组组合与日前出清计算的衔接方式,针对多日机组组合优化结果中第二日新增开机的163#和173#燃煤机组,提前至少30 h通知其做开机准备,并在日前出清计算的输入数据中,将其在新增开机时段的运行状态设置为必开状态,再进行日前市场优化出清。得到的出清计算结果中燃煤和燃气机组的开、停机情况如表4所示。通过优化结果可以看出：多日机组组合结果中安排该日开机的2台燃煤机组,由于提前了足够的时间被通知进行开机准备,因此可以在日前市场出清过程中新增开机,减少了在该日负荷高峰时段新增开启的燃气机组容量。两次日前市场出清计算得到的系统总发电费用如表5所示,对比两次的系统发电费用可以看出：由于燃煤机组的启动费用较燃气机组高,因此第二次日前市场出清的系统总启动费用高于第一次,但综合考虑燃煤机组的低运行费用,第二次日前市场出清的系统总运行费用和总发电费用都较第一次低,即更好地实现了日前市场的发电总费用最低的优化目标。综上所述,在日前现货市场出清计算前,先采用本文提出的多日机组组合优化方法,在更长的时间周期内统筹配置发电资源,并与日前出清环节进行合理衔接,可实现在日前市场中优先新增开启发电费用较低的机组,有效减少了日前市场的系统总发电费用。

表4 第二次日前市场出清的燃煤、燃气机组开停机情况Tab. 4 Start-up and shutdown situation of coal-fired and gas-fired units after the second day-ahead market clearing

表5 两次日前市场出清的系统发电费用比较Tab. 5 Comparison of system’s generating fees after two day-ahead market clearings

4 结论

本文主要研究了省级电力现货市场环境下衔接日前出清环节的多日机组组合优化策略。首先进行了多日机组组合的优化参数设置和计算模型输入数据准备;其次,建立了以系统总发电费用最低为目标,考虑全类型机组运行状态约束及电网运行安全约束的多日机组组合优化模型,讨论了模型求解和优化结果校核方法;进一步,针对开机提前通知时间较长的新增启动燃煤机组,提出了多日机组组合优化环节与日前市场出清计算的衔接方法;最后,本文以我国某省的冬季典型日电网数据为算例进行了仿真研究,仿真结果验证了所提出的市场环境下多日机组组合优化方法的有效性。本文的研究成果具有以下优点：

1）建立的多日机组组合模型,将省间联络线的计划和交易电量、电力值作为输入参数,实现了与省间电力市场的有效衔接;另一方面,建立的多日机组组合模型,将优化输出的新增启动燃煤机组的开机时段信息作为日前市场出清模型输入参数,实现了与省内日前电力现货市场的有效衔接。

2）提出的多日机组组合方法的优化周期可根据日期类型进行设置,因此,该方法可适应不同的优化周期设置以及不同的电网负荷曲线特征,适合于实际的工程应用。

3）提出的多日机组组合优化方法,重点考虑了机组的开机提前通知时间约束,并提供了与日前出清计算的有效衔接方式,解决了日前市场中因无法新增开启燃煤机组而在负荷高峰期大量开启高运行费用的燃气机组的问题,有利于进一步实现日前市场的发电总费用最小化的目标。

4）提出的电力现货市场中的多日机组组合策略,作为日前市场的辅助手段,充分考虑了未来多日的电网负荷特性,特别是针对未来多日内电网负荷突变的情况,以多日的时间尺度对机组运行方式进行统筹优化,使得预先安排的燃煤机组的启停方式更加合理。

5）建立的多日机组组合优化模型,考虑了电厂申报的未来多日内可发电量约束,能够在燃煤、燃气量不足或者来水不够的情况下,在多日时间范围内充分协调优化资源,提示调度人员后续电网可调度资源紧张,确保电网在经济运行的前提下有充足的备用容量。

本文提出的适用于各种类型日的多日机组组合方法,作为日前市场出清的必要前置环节,是我国省级电力现货市场的重要组成部分,因此,对于我国的电力市场化建设具有显著的理论意义和实践价值。

附录见本刊网络版(.cn/CN/volumn/ current.shtml)。

附表1 本文参数释义表Tab. 1 Interpretation of all parameters

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